United States Edition

How mushrooms can help save the world

  • melangell 6 plants Australia9a

    Not to know about the relationships our plants have with fungal mycelium is like not knowing what our kids are getting up to, yet a few months ago it never occurred to me that my plants had such relationships.

    The bland cover of Paul Stamets’ Mycelium Running; how mushrooms can help save the world (Ten Speed Press, Berkley, 2005) did not prepare me for the explosion of detailed and inspirational information inside this wonderful book. Its sheer poetry is a doorway into a previously hidden Kingdom—the Magic World of Mushrooms.

    How can any aspiring gardener, resist a book that begins:
    “Mycelium is the neurological network of nature. Interlacing mosaics of mycelium infuse habitats with information-sharing membranes [which] collectively have the long-term health of the host environment in mind.”

    Stamets has dedicated more than thirty years to an ever deepening study of the Fungi Kingdom. The descriptions of his subjects are almost lyrical, as if he has somehow entered into the very soul of the fungi world. “Mycelium is an exposed sentient membrane, aware and responsive to changes in its environment." These membranes act “as a collective fungal consciousness…in constant dialogue with its environment, reacting to, governing the flow of essential nutrients cycling through the food chain, and operating at a level of complexity that exceeds the computational powers of our most advanced supercomputers…a living network that manifests the natural intelligence imagined by Gaia theorists—the Earth’s natural Internet, a consciousness with which we might be able to communicate.”

    Like the modern day shaman he clearly is, Stamets has gathered together the science of fungi and melded it with his own and others’ experiential knowledge in a way that is both glowingly spiritual and profoundly practical for the ultimate healing of the Earth. The book is three-sectioned—how fungi work, how fungi can restore health (to waterways, to forests, and to soils poisoned by heavy metals and as organic pest control) and how to grow the mushrooms yourself to achieve your desired goals.

    So how useful is this book to me?

    I bought it because I feel responsible for rehabilitating my land, which has been stressed over the years by artificial fertilizers, drought, flooding rains, and earth-moving, is infected with both Phytophthera cinnamomum and Armillaria sp. fungus. I’d heard somewhere that fungi has something to do with soil restoration, but I didn’t know the what or the how to and feared that, by “meaning to mend" nature, I might “end” her by my ignorantly bringing in the wrong species. Within hours of buying Stamets’ book, I’ve been given not only hope but also knowledge (of the species to use) and a method of going about healing my little bit of Earth and possibly beyond.

    Mycelium Running was “written for a readership as diverse as the fungal community”. Its author contends that “the planet’s health actually depends on our respect for fungi” and that the book “will show you how you can help save the world using mushrooms”. It is abundantly referenced, has a good index and glossary and is well set out. You may not agree with Stamets, but even a non-scientific reader like me, who can’t understand the chemistry, cannot fail to understand the dynamics of the bigger picture he reveals. The quality of the photography alone makes this a coffee-table book—which is not a bad place to keep it as it is sure to stimulate conversation and spread the fungi gospel!

    5 thumbs up!
    Posted almost 2 years ago | Last edited almost 2 years ago
  • Folia Supporter
    578 plants United States8b

    Thanks for posting this. I have been vaguely aware that there is this vast hidden world of life in the soil and fascinated by the profusion of mushrooms that pop up here and there—maybe this is the book that will help me understand it all better.

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted almost 2 years ago
  • Tomartyr

    Folia Helper

    0 plants New Zealand

    Thank you for your very professional review, melangell. I, for one, plan to read this book as a result of reading what you had to say about it.

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted almost 2 years ago
  • Folia Supporter
    578 plants United States8b

    Has anyone tried using the methods in the chapter on gardening with mushrooms? The companion planting with mushrooms looks very interesting. I often get mushrooms in my garden—maybe they are beneficial?

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • 6 plants Australia9a

    Hi anelson
    One of the drawbacks to “gardening with gourmet and medicinal mushrooms” (as suggested in Chapter 12 of Stametz’s book) which we have to deal with in Australia is the lack of general knowledge about fungi—our own indigenous species and those Paul has listed. I think that about an estimated 1% of our native species has been scientifically identified. This is not only because—with the exception of a few keen mycophiles (?) who have brought their knowledge of enthusiasm for edible fungi from Europe—there exists no fungi-appreciation culture in this country (generally, we are frightened of any mushroom not purchased “safely” from a supermarket), but is also because we are generally only interested in what will promise some sort of direct benefit to us, like a visible and tasty mushroom, rather than healthy soils which will grow better foods of all sorts and for all creatures
    .
    Interested in learning about how I might reestablish mycorrhizal health to my soils, I attended a seminar given by a most informative woman whose life’s work involves enabling ignorant folk like me to identify fungi. Most of those who attended were interested in identifying the edibles and a few were focused on learning about what was indigenous. I think I was the only one interested in soil health and it was here that I first heard about Stametz’s book. The seminar was well-illustrated with “live” examples of a wide variety of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) from the surrounding areas as well as detailed instructions as to all the things to look for when identifying mushrooms. I took copious notes and—having prided myself most of my life on my ability to notice all those little things that distinguish one thing (snakes and birds and plants, especially) from another look-alike—I felt pretty sure that I could accurately identify a mushroom at the base of one of my trees as a species that boded ill for other things I was growing. I asked a neighbour, who has advanced significantly in his ability to identify fungi, if he wouldn’t mind checking. In fact, I was quite mistaken—it wasn’t a bad fungus at all—but it showed me just how easily I could make a mistake. Recently 5 people, new to Australia, mistook mushrooms in Canberra for those they were used to eating in China; they cooked them up as a New Year’s treat; 4 of them died and the 5th has devastating liver damage.

    Sorry to go into such detail here and probably bore the pants off you, but I did just want to caution you about the mushrooms in your garden if you were wondering if you could eat them.

    But perhaps you were referring to the earlier Chapter on cultivating Mushrooms on Logs and Stumps. Trametes versicolor is pretty common around here, and I would like to establish its energy in my garden.
    I have been able to get a supplyof mycorrhizal fungi—in powder and pelleted form— quite inexpensively which I broadcast over my acre last winter. As I am only just starting my garden, there is little to compare the results to, but I have had folk stop their cars to comment favourably on the results and complements from quite unexpected sources. I sense that, at a deep level, good things are happening out of sight.

    Hope some of this helps.

  • 1 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • creme

    Folia Helper

    Folia Supporter
    176 plants United States5

    Definitely not boring, melangell.

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • Folia Supporter
    578 plants United States8b

    no i am not planning on eating random fungi, but i am interested both in deliberately trying to innoculate edible fungi to harvest and in the benefits of fungi in my soil for the vegetables.

    I do go mushroom hunting for edibles, but always stick to species i know i can safely identify, dont worry.

  • 1 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • creme

    Folia Helper

    Folia Supporter
    176 plants United States5

    I have been considering mushroom stump kits for several years now, but they seem so expensive. Maybe I can splurge this year since I am close to my goal of spending 0 on seeds (thanks folia swaps!).

    I hope to find a mushroom club in my area someday. I have a few books on mushroom identification but I wouldn’t feel secure about foraging without guidance from “experts”.

    Another book you all might be interested in is "Teaming with Microbes: A Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Food Web ":http://www.amazon.com/Teaming-Microbes-Gardeners-Guide-Soil/dp/0881927775 by Jeff Lowenfels.

  • 1 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • Folia Supporter
    326 plants United States6a

    I am also hoping to find a club around here. And an expert who can “show and tell” me through what is OK to eat. I am of Polish descent and do not know anyone from that country who does not have a story of untimely demise resulting from being too adventurous in regards to mushrooms. So I am a wimp and stick with morels and puffballs even though there are many others which I know are edible in the woods right behind my field.
    And I would SOOOOOO love to be able to cultivate morels on my own property. We used to find them back in our woods each year. Friends and family have been successful in starting their own by dumping spores on their property. Even in some unlikely areas, like their lawn. We have the perfect spot on our property line – a string of half-dead apple trees with great loamy dirt underneath them. Now I just need some morels to shake about underneath them.

  • 1 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • 6 plants Australia9a

    Thanks for the book reference, creme. I’ll follow that up.
    As all three of you good women—creme, anelson and maggiemom—are practically his nextdoor neighbours (comparatively speaking) may it not be possible for you to check out Paul Stamets’ most comprehensive website—www.fungi.com. They have, I am sure, all the best of what each of you requires plus enthusiastic advice and assistance Paul and his colleagues can be contacted via info@fungi.com.
    I’m so envious of your proximity to all this good stuff!!! You are so fortunate in the rich subcultural vein of alternative horticulture that exists in the States.
    Good luck!

  • 1 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • Folia Supporter
    326 plants United States6a

    Thank you for the link. A couple of summers ago my husband and I started photographing and studying our local fungi. We even brought them home and dissected them with the kids. We still have some “preserved” samples in our home. All we had for identification was a field guide though, so it was impossible to be sure of what we really had.
    I try to teach everyone who will listen that there is no such thing as a “bad” fungus. Most may not be edible and some may offend our sense of aesthetics when they pop up in places they are not wanted, but they are there for a reason. When trying to eliminate fungi I think it is best to alter the environment so they go away on their own. Just killing off the fungus does not make sense to me – its presence can serve as a warning of bigger problems.

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago
  • 6 plants Australia9a

    Good onya, maggimom.
    Fungi and plants need some good, strong advocates!

    The rather detailed field notes participants were given at the seminar say things like this re. identifying Fungi:
    “In order to identify a fungus fruiting body (mushroom), you must first be familiar with the major fungi groups ( Agaric, Boletes, Gasteromycetes etc., etc.) so you can generally classify it, its major field characteristics (i.e., features that can be seen without a microscope) of the various parts of a fungus fruiting body.” These include pileus, scales, gills, annulus, stipe, volva.
    *The spacing of the gills is an important characteristic—are they crowded, close or distant?

    • So, too, is the nature of the stipe of importance—its colour, whether it discolours when broken, whether it exudes latex, whether it has a volva, and whether it is centrally or laterally attached to the pileus. Special attention should be paid to the shape and nature of the base.
      *The stipes of many species have an annulus (ring) which form when a membranous partial veil ruptures to expose the gills or other spore=producing surface. Therefore one of the things to determine is the nature of the ring—is it pendant, flaring, sheathing, double, cobwebby, or “ring zone”?—whatever that is!

    Then there is the business of using the spore colour as a diagnostic characteristic. Apparently the easiest way to determine the colour (individual spores are microscopic) is to make a spore print and here are details of how to do this.

    Then you have to make a note of the habitat in which you find your mushroom.

    These are some of the categories one should satisfy oneself about before getting close to making an identification.

    I find it salutary to remember that Alison Pouliot—our rather fantastic tutor, who spends half of her life educating herself about fungi in Europe and the other half researching them in Australia and educating Aussies—said the mushrooms she feels safest eating are those from the supermarket! She says that when you go hunting mushrooms in some European countries, you can avail yourself of people called the “mushroom police” who go through your collecting basket and toss out the ones you shouldn’t have gathered because they’re lethal!!!

  • 0 thumbs up!
    Posted over 1 year ago

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